How ADHD Is Diagnosed
Your doctor will inquire about your symptoms as well as any history of ADHD. He will also look at your family history.
People are often diagnosed with ADHD in later years. A major event, such as pregnancy or a crisis in a relationship, triggers awareness of the problem. The first step in addressing ADHD symptoms and improving function is to get an assessment.
Characteristics
Many children have difficulty being still, waiting for their turn and paying attention in schools or in other settings, those who meet the diagnostic criteria for ADHD suffer from these issues to the extent that affects their functioning at home, in school or at work. The symptoms of hyperactivity, inattention and impulsivity have to be present for at minimum six months and be more prominent than is normal for their age or developmental level. They must also be causing significant problems at school, work and at home as well as in relationships.
A certified health professional must conduct a medical evaluation to determine the presence of ADHD. This may include a thorough physical exam and a check for other conditions that could cause similar symptoms to depression or thyroid disease. The health care professional will also look over the patient's medical, psychiatric, and academic records. In addition, the doctor will talk to the patient about his or her symptoms. Children are asked questions according to their age, and parents may be interviewed.
The doctor will apply the American Psychiatric Association's guidelines for diagnosing ADHD in children and adults that are described in the fifth edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). The doctor will look at the person's past and current behavior and how it affects their professional, social and family life. If it is possible, he or will examine the person's behavior in their childhood and school experiences, too.
When looking at adults, the physician will be able to determine whether they suffer from a co-occurring mental health issue and will inquire if the person has a family history of ADHD. People with family members who suffer from the disorder are more likely to develop it.
If a healthcare professional suspects someone has ADHD and is concerned about it, they will conduct an entire clinical examination. This involves examining the person's current symptoms and asking them to keep a daily journal of their symptoms over a time of a few weeks. The doctor will also ask about any other medical conditions that the person may have, and will use the DSM-5 symptoms guide to determine if they have any of the characteristics of ADHD.
Diagnosis
Many health professionals who specialize in mental illness or have an interest in ADHD can perform screening and diagnose the disorder. Clinical psychologists, nurse practitioners and psychiatrists are all able to recognize ADHD. Family doctors may diagnose ADHD in adolescents, children and adults. They can refer adults for a comprehensive assessment.
The first step in identifying ADHD is a thorough medical exam which includes a thorough examination of vision and hearing. A doctor may also recommend a brain scanner known as an EEG Based Assessment Aid (NEBA) to determine the intensity of theta and beta waves in the brain. This type of scan can be used to detect ADHD in a non-invasive, safe way.
In an interview with the individual the examiner will review the person's medical and psychiatric history dating back to childhood, as well as his present symptoms and strategies for coping. The doctor checks to see if the person meets the diagnostic criteria for either inattentive, hyperactive-impulsive or combined ADHD presentations as defined by the American Psychiatric Association in its Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5).
For children and teens who are being assessed for ADHD the doctor will likely request teachers and other individuals who spend much time with the child to fill in questionnaires or checklists. He or she might also ask parents to complete such forms. For adults, they will usually talk to spouses and other close friends, as well as co-workers and may also interview relatives who know the person from their childhood.
During the diagnostic process, the mental health professional looks for signs that indicate whether the person is experiencing predominantly inattentive or primarily hyperactive-impulsive symptoms. He or she will determine the length of time that symptoms have been present and whether they are causing problems at home, at school, at work, or in any other aspect of life.
The mental health professional should also look for other disorders that have symptoms with ADHD such as anxiety, depression or bipolar disorder. They should also check for physical causes for the person's symptoms, such as thyroid dysfunction or sleep problems. In addition the thorough examination will also look at the person's emotional, social and family background.
Treatment
Children with ADHD need to learn how to manage their symptoms. Family members can assist them by encouraging school staff to watch the child's progress, giving positive feedback and being flexible and patient. They can also teach the child relaxation and calming techniques like meditation or yoga. Many children suffering from ADHD can benefit from regular physical exercise and a healthy diet which will enhance their ability to focus and concentrate. They should avoid foods that are high in sugar and drinks, as they can aggravate their symptoms. Also, Click Webpage should ensure they sleep enough.
The signs of ADHD are present throughout adolescence and into adulthood. Adults may have difficulty at work or with relationships. A health care provider will conduct an evaluation to determine if someone has ADHD and how severe it is. This evaluation usually includes a mental health history along with a physical exam, and interviews with the person as well as his or her parents, a spouse or a life partner, and other family members who know the person well. The provider may ask for a list of the person's symptoms and how they impact him or her. He or she can also use rating scales or other tests to confirm whether the person meets the typical criteria for ADHD. They can inquire about medical conditions that may be a cause of ADHD symptoms, like seizures disorder and thyroid disorder.
If someone is diagnosed as having ADHD the medication will be prescribed to treat symptoms. Stimulants are among the most commonly prescribed medicines used to treat ADHD in adults and children. These medications have the potential to cause side effects, so a person should only take them under a physician's supervision and a prescription. The person should also tell the doctor about any other medications he or are taking, as certain medications can interact with stimulants and cause dangerous side effects. Many people suffering from ADHD must try several different types and dosages before they find one that is suitable for him or her.
Prevention
In some instances it is possible to reduce exposure to triggers in the environment can help to prevent ADHD symptoms. These can include diet, routines for sleeping family structure, medications and exercise. A GP can guide you in identifying ways to manage triggers and recommend a dietitian to get nutrition advice or other assistance.
Children can also be assisted by keeping their routines the same, limiting caffeine and sugar, and taking regular vitamins and mineral supplements (consult your GP). Avoid nutritional supplements that don't have a scientific basis or could interfere with certain medications.
Adults who believe they may be suffering from ADHD should see an expert in mental health like psychologist or psychiatrist for an assessment. The doctor will look over medical records, conduct a physical examination and take a detailed medical history to rule out any other possible reasons for the symptoms. The therapist will speak to the patient, observe the person's behavior in different settings and use the standard rating scales. The therapist will assess the extent and duration of the core ADHD-related symptoms as well in determining whether they have an impact on a person's everyday life.
Therapists may collaborate with a patient and their family to improve parenting skills, teach time management, and other organizational techniques. They can also instruct the patient in metacognitive abilities that include the identification and correction of "thinking distortions" which can lead to negative moods or the perception of limited alternatives. Psychologists can also prescribe medications and collaborate with other mental health professionals to provide a comprehensive treatment.
Parents can also help by providing a stable and loving home, setting clear expectations and rewards, encouraging good sleep habits and avoiding stimulants. Parents should encourage their children to be social and develop a healthy relationship with their child's partner.
School staff can provide valuable information on the learning and behavior of students however they are unable to diagnose ADHD or decide on treatment. The parents of the child and their healthcare provider must make these decisions, with the support of the teacher.